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Their Eyes Were Watching God tells the story of Janie Crawford, a woman of African American descent, as she navigates the complexities of life, love, and self-discovery. The novel is set in the early 20th century in the American South and is framed as a conversation between Janie and her friend Pheoby, in which Janie recounts her life story. Over the course of the novel, Janie goes through three significant marriages, each offering her a different understanding of love, independence, and identity. Through these relationships, Janie struggles with societal expectations and racial and gender roles, seeking her own voice and sense of empowerment. Hurston’s use of dialect and the rich symbolism of nature make the novel a powerful exploration of African American womanhood, community, and the search for self-realization.

Their Eyes Were Watching God faced censorship and criticism upon its release due to its themes of sexual autonomy, gender roles, and the portrayal of African American life. Critics and some members of the African American community found the book’s treatment of women’s sexuality and independence controversial, especially given the conservative views of the time. The book’s candid exploration of Janie’s relationships, including her sexual and emotional autonomy, was viewed as inappropriate by some readers. Additionally, the novel’s critique of societal expectations and its portrayal of black women as fully realized, complex characters went against the more traditional, idealized representations of African American life that were often promoted in literature during the period. Despite this, the book has since been regarded as a classic of American literature and a pivotal work in the Harlem Renaissance and feminist literary movements.