The Wretched of the Earth is a seminal work of postcolonial theory, written by psychiatrist and revolutionary Frantz Fanon. The book examines the psychological and sociopolitical effects of colonialism on both the colonized and the colonizers, advocating for violent revolution as a means of liberation for oppressed peoples. Fanon delves into the dehumanizing impacts of colonialism, describing the internalized racism and inferiority complex experienced by colonized individuals, as well as the brutal tactics used by colonial powers. He also analyzes the challenges faced by newly independent nations in the postcolonial period, warning against the risks of neocolonialism and the betrayal of revolutionary ideals. Drawing from both his clinical experience and his involvement in the Algerian independence movement, Fanon emphasizes the necessity of reclaiming identity and power through radical action and the destruction of colonial structures.

The Wretched of the Earth faced censorship and banning in several countries due to its revolutionary content, critique of colonial systems, and advocacy for violence as a means of decolonization. The book was especially controversial in European countries and former colonial powers, where its condemnation of colonialism and call for violent uprising were seen as dangerous and subversive. The book’s radical political stance, especially its justification of violence in the face of oppression, led to its prohibition in many nations, particularly in the context of the Cold War and ongoing struggles for independence in Africa. Despite its initial censorship, The Wretched of the Earth became a foundational text in liberation movements, influencing thinkers, activists, and leaders fighting for independence and civil rights around the world.