The Malleus Maleficarum (translated as The Hammer of Witches) is a notorious medieval treatise on witchcraft. Written by Catholic clergymen Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger, it outlines the existence of witches, their powers, and how they allegedly conspire with the Devil to bring harm to society. The text provides detailed instructions for identifying, prosecuting, and punishing witches, serving as a handbook for witch hunters. It argues that women, being more susceptible to sin, are more likely to be witches. The treatise also justifies the use of torture to extract confessions and emphasizes the death penalty for convicted witches. The Malleus played a key role in intensifying the European witch hunts during the 15th and 16th centuries.

The Malleus Maleficarum has faced challenges primarily due to its disturbing content and historical legacy. Although not banned in its time, the text became a symbol of the dark period in European history marked by the persecution and execution of countless individuals, mainly women, accused of witchcraft. In the modern era, it is condemned for promoting misogyny, religious fanaticism, and the legitimization of torture. Its brutal approach to justice and the inhumane treatment it advocated for perceived witches have made it a controversial historical document. In certain academic and religious settings, it has been seen as an example of the dangers of unchecked religious zealotry and ignorance.